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The United States Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) was an agency of the U.S. Department of Justice from 1933 to 2003. Referred to by some as former INS〔(What's correct, the term ''legacy INS'' or the term ''the former INS''? )〕 and by others as legacy INS, the agency ceased to exist under that name on March 1, 2003, when most of its functions were transferred to three new entities – U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), and U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) – within the newly created Department of Homeland Security, as part of a major government reorganization following the September 11 attacks of 2001. Prior to 1933, there were separate offices administering immigration and naturalization matters. The INS was established on June 10, 1933, merging these previously separate areas of administration. In 1890, the federal government, rather than the individual states, regulated immigration into the United States,〔(Ellis Island ), National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior〕 and the Immigration Act of 1891 established a Commissioner of Immigration in the Treasury Department. Reflecting changing governmental concerns, immigration was transferred to the purview of the United States Department of Commerce and Labor after 1903 and the Department of Labor after 1913.〔Darrell Hevenor Smith and H. Guy Herring, ''The Bureau of Immigration: Its History, Activities, and Organization'' (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1924).〕 In 1940, with increasing concern about national security, immigration and naturalization was organized under the authority of the Department of Justice.〔Sharon D. Masanz, ''History of the Immigration and Naturalization Service: A Congressional Research Service Report'' (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1980)〕 In 2003 the administration of immigration services, including permanent residence, naturalization, asylum, and other functions became the responsibility of the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services (BCIS), which existed only for a short time before changing to its current name, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). The investigative and enforcement functions (including investigations, deportation, and intelligence) were combined with INS and U.S. Customs investigators, the Federal Protective Service, and the Federal Air Marshal Service, to create U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). The border functions of the INS, which included the Border Patrol along with INS Inspectors, were combined with U.S. Customs Inspectors into the newly created U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). ==Mission== The INS (Immigration and Naturalization Service) administered the Immigration and Nationality Act (Title 8, United States Code) which included inspecting and persons arriving at an official Port of Entry (POE), detecting and deterring illegal entry between the ports (by the Border Patrol, a component of the INS) and by sea, and conducting investigations of criminal and administrative violations of the Act. The INS also adjudicated applications for permanent residency ("green cards"), change of status, naturalization (the process by which an alien (foreign-born person) becomes a citizen), and similar matters. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Immigration and Naturalization Service」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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